论汉代优恤儿童的相关问题

汉代把对孤儿等弱势群体的救济以法律的形式同定下来,但是抚孤问题更多依靠社会及民间的力量来解决;宗族内部的收养是救济孤儿的最主要方式,是孤儿得以生存的主要途径。     

农村留守儿童状况的实证研究

农村留守儿童是在市场经济的发展和国家政策的背景下产生的,本文采用实证分析方法,以新村的留守儿童为研究对象,采用调查问卷的方式了解新村留守儿童的状况,发现留守儿童存在思想品行问题、学业问题、心理问题和安全问题等方面的问题。并分析其产生的原因和提出从家庭方面、社会方面、学校方面和政府方面解决这些问题的对策,希望能够有效的解决留守儿童的问题。     

安徽省困境儿童分类保障制度现状和未来设计

安徽困境儿童分类保障制度主要由政府向孤儿等困境儿童提供生活、医疗和教育保障，存在保障对象狭窄、责任主体有限、内容层次低且项目单一的问题。未来的保障制度设计应将保障理念从小福利转变为大福利，秉持适度普惠、多元治理、需要为本、预防发展的原则，将保障对象扩大至因家庭保障功能折损的儿童，建构多元供给主体的良性互动机制，基于需要开发组合保障项目包裹，划分困境儿童的困境等级以为困境儿童及其家庭提供相对应的支持性、补充性和替代性服务。为实现上述设计，需要政策、财政、长效服务机制和人才建设方面的支持。     

Samoan children's sense of place: Experiential landscapes in an urban village

Pacific Island communities are experiencing significant societal changes as a result of rural urban, inter‐island migration and migration to New Zealand. These relocations have significant implications for children's relationship to place. However, virtually nothing is known about children's sense of place in Samoa or places and activities that are important to them. This exploratory study worked with eight children aged 5–12 years growing up in an urban village in Samoa drawing on ‘Talanoa’ as research methodology and method by employing photo‐elicitation. The study provides a first snapshot of Samoan children's sense of place growing up in an urban village.     

基于中国传统文化理念的新中式儿童家具设计研究

在分析新中式儿童家具设计原则与题材的基础上,结合设计实践探寻新中式儿童家具设计的元素符号和设计方法,以期借助艺术的设计方式赋予儿童家具丰富的文化内涵与民族特征,为发掘传统文化中儿童喜闻乐见的元素符号,推动儿童家具本土化设计提供借鉴。     

Comparative evaluation of Cryptosporidium infection in malnourished and well-nourished children: Parasitic infections are affected by the interaction of nutritional status and socio-demographic characteristics

Cryptosporidium, as a small protozoan parasite, is a leading cause of persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries and has both a short and long-term impact on the growth of children. In the present study, Cryptosporidium infection was compared in malnourished and well-nourished children by modified acid-fast staining, nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methods. As a case-control study, Cryptosporidium infection in 94 malnourished children was evaluated and compared with those of 188 age and gender-matched well-nourished children. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were detected by modified acid-fast staining method. The extracted DNA was amplified by nested-PCR and LAMP techniques. In addition, positive amplicons were directly sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the stools of two (2.12 %) children who were hospitalized and had diarrhea by nested-PCR while three isolates (3.2 %) were found by LAMP. Cryptosporidium-positive children were more malnourished compared to those who were negative for Cryptosporidium infection but this important finding was not statistically significant. C. parvum was the main species of Cryptosporidium detected in malnourished children in northwest Iran. LAMP can be considered as a sensitive field monitoring assay in patients with low parasite burden. Nutritional status and socio-demographic factors may have interactive effects on the incidence and severity of parasitic diseases.     

基于林地“一张图”的小班自动编号探究

以林地一张图小班排序编号为研究对象,基于ArcGIS10.2浮动版,用简单的Python语句求算小班周界横坐标最小值、纵坐标最大值,在查找相同的工具制作表中,图层与表连接,在横坐标最小值与纵坐标最大值相等的相邻小班顺序值字段中输入从左到右顺序值用于排序,导出图层属性表,采用Excel 2010函数countif自动编号,图层与Excel表连接,用VBScript语言字符串函数left表达式格式化小班号,对横坐标最小值与纵坐标最大值相等出现错误的小班编号,手动修改小班号错误。其操作简单,容易理解,实用,可解决极少数小班号编号不准确的问题,使小班自动编号准确,符合林业调查规划小班编号规则。     

生物脱胶苎麻纤维性能研究

应用一种简便、廉价的细菌脱胶方法对苎麻进行脱胶，研究脱胶后的苎麻纤维性能。结果表明，苎麻细菌脱胶后残胶率1．82％，达到了脱胶要求。且松散了苎麻纤维横截面组织结构，对苎麻中纤维素无破坏，提高了上染色率12％左右，单纤维强力比碱液脱胶的大0．15N／tex，对白度影响不大。说明该脱胶法是一种绿色生产工艺。     

中西医结合治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘62例临床研究

目的观察中西医结合治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效作用.方法62例咳嗽患儿随机分为西药对照组和中西医结合治疗组,两组均采用布地萘德、特布他林雾化吸入治疗,治疗组在此基础上给予中药治疗,疗程为2周.结果两组治疗结果比较,治疗组总有效率为93.75%,对照组为83.33%,经比较,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.治疗后复发率治疗组为9.68%,对照组为23.08%,治疗组明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,提示治疗组疗效稳定,且优于对照组.结论中西医结合治疗可提高咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效.     

让阅读与民工子弟同行

重点探讨了在倡导＂和谐社会＂的历史形势下,图书馆开展为民工子弟服务的必要性,论述了图书馆所具备的独特优势,并提出了服务中值得思考的一些问题。